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Date: 23-1-2020
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Date: 17-9-2020
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Date: 22-8-2019
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Instead of using numbers to indicate substituents on a benzene ring, ortho- (o-), meta- (m-), or para (p-) can be used in place of positional markers when there are two substituents on the benzene ring (disubstituted benzenes). They are defined as the following:
Using the same example above in figure 9a (1,3-dichlorobenzene), we can use the ortho-, meta-, para- nomenclature to transform the chemical name into m-dichlorobenzene, as shown in the figure below.
Figure 1. Transformation of 1,3-dichlorobenzene into m-dichlorobenzene.
Here are some other examples of ortho-, meta-, para- nomenclature used in context:
However, the substituents used in ortho-, meta-, para- nomenclature do not have to be the same. For example, we can use chlorine and a nitro group as substituents in the benzene ring.
In conclusion, these can be pieced together into a summary diagram, as shown below:
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ما أبرز التغيرات التي تحدث عند الرجال عندما يصبحون آباءً؟
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حقائق مثيرة للاهتمام حول الأرض
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شعبة التوجيه الديني النسوي تقيم حفلاً بذكرى عيد الغدير الأغر
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