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Date: 10-9-2017
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Phenol from Benzoic Acid
The action of a copper salt converts benzoic acid to phenol. The copper, reoxidized by air, functions as a real catalyst. The Lummus process operates in the vapor phase at approximately 250°C. Phenol yield of 90% is possible:
In the Lummus process (Figure 1.1), the reaction occurs in the liquid phase at approximately 220–240°C over Mg2+ + Cu2+ benzoate.
Figure 1.1. The Lummus benzoic-acid-to-phenol process.
Magnesium benzoate is an initiator, with the Cu2+ reduced to Cu1+. The copper (1) ions are reoxidized to copper (II) ions.
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