Preparing Carboxylic Acids From nitriles and organometallic intermediates |
827
03:43 مساءً
date: 16-10-2019
|
Read More
Date: 2-10-2018
1100
Date: 15-9-2019
471
Date: 14-11-2019
661
|
Two other useful procedures for preparing carboxylic acids involve hydrolysis of nitriles and carboxylation of organometallic intermediates. As shown in the following diagram, both methods begin with an organic halogen compound and the carboxyl group eventually replaces the halogen. Both methods require two steps, but are complementary in that the nitrile intermediate in the first procedure is generated by a SN2 reaction, in which cyanide anion is a nucleophilic precursor of the carboxyl group. The hydrolysis may be either acid or base-catalyzed, but the latter give a carboxylate salt as the initial product.
In the second procedure the electrophilic halide is first transformed into a strongly nucleophilic metal derivative, and this adds to carbon dioxide (an electrophile). The initial product is a salt of the carboxylic acid, which must then be released by treatment with strong aqueous acid.
|
|
حمية العقل.. نظام صحي لإطالة شباب دماغك
|
|
|
|
|
إيرباص تكشف عن نموذج تجريبي من نصف طائرة ونصف هليكوبتر
|
|
|
|
شعبة مدارس الكفيل النسوية تطلق فعّاليات مخيم (بنات العقيدة) العشرين
|
|
قسم التربية والتعليم يعقد اجتماعاً تحضيرياً لملاكاته استعداداً لانطلاق برنامجه التأهيلي
|
|
متحف الكفيل يعقد أولى اجتماعاته التحضيرية لمؤتمره الدوليّ الخامس
|
|
وفد قسم الشؤون الفكرية وسفير العراق في فرنسا يبحثان سبل تعزيز التعاون المشترك
|