English

Another cause of variation in Pijin is the speakers’ contact with English, made particularly important through schooling carried out in that language. Since the majority of the Pijin lexicon is essentially derived from English, one’s knowledge of English can more easily influence one’s Pijin. Pijin /t/ or /d/ will then become [ð]; /s/ will become [č]. This pattern is more predominant in town than in the villages, according to the different roles that English plays in these two areas. Under the guise of hypercorrection, Anglicization as a social marker is also present in the speech of some speakers, exemplified by an overuse of [č], [ð] etc. Below are examples of the adoption of non-Pijin phonemes (into long-established core Pijin lexemes):

Similarly to the continued effects of the local vernaculars on Pijin, the creole is therefore in a special situation regarding Anglicization. The recent phonological effects of English are superimposed on the Pijin system, which, while accommodating English-derived lexemes, is strongly influenced by Austronesian phonemic systems.