Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)

The goal in treating T2D is to maintain blood glucose concentrations within normal limits and to prevent the development of long-term complications.
Weight reduction, exercise, and medical nutrition therapy (dietary modifications) often correct the hyperglycemia of newly diagnosed T2D.

Oral hypoglycemic agents, such as metformin (decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis), sulfonylureas (increase insulin secretion), thiazolidinediones (decrease FFA levels and increase peripheral insulin sensitivity), α-glucosidase inhibitors (decrease absorption of dietary carbohydrate), and SGLT inhibitors (decrease renal reabsorption of glucose), or subq insulin therapy may be required to achieve satisfactory plasma glucose levels. [Note: Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese individuals with T2D has been shown to result in disease remission in most patients. Remission may not be permanent.]