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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: RUDIMENTS

المؤلف:  Parviz Birjandi

المصدر:  AN INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS

الجزء والصفحة:  C2-P9

2026-06-28

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ARTICULATORY PHONETICS: RUDIMENTS

Articulatory phonetics describes speech sounds genetically—that is, with respect to the ways by which the vocal organs modify the air stream in the mouth, nose, and throat in order to produce a sound. To date, articulatory phonetics has witnessed two major movements: (a) traditional phonetics, and (b) modern or systematic phonetics. These movements will be discussed in detail in the following chapters. This chapter will focus on the rudimentary topics which are crucial to the understanding of articulatory phonetics. To show how a speech sound is articulated, all the vocal activities involved in the production of a sound need not be described. Only a selection of them such as the place and manner of articulation is enough. Phonetic symbols and their articulatory definitions are abbreviated descriptions of these selected activities. The symbols most commonly used are those adopted by the International Phonetic Association (IPA) and are written in brackets or between slant lines. An understanding of articulatory phonetics requires an understanding of a number of basic concepts usually employed by phoneticians in their discussion of phonetics.