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FIBER MANUFACTURE

المؤلف:  Max M. Houck، Jay A. Siegel

المصدر:  Fundamentals of Forensic Science

الجزء والصفحة:  390

2026-08-15

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FIBER MANUFACTURE

Synthetic fibers are formed by extruding a fiber-forming substance, called spinning dope, through a hole or holes in a shower head-like device called a spinneret, shown in Figure 1; this process is called spinning. The spinning dope is created by rendering solid monomeric material into a liquid or semiliquid form with a solvent or heat. Optical properties, such as refractive index, birefringence, and color, are those traits that relate to a fiber’s structure or treatment revealed through observation. Some of these characteristics aid in the identification of the generic polymer class of manufactured fibers. Others, such as color, are critical discriminators of fibers that have been dyed or chemically finished. A visual and analytical assessment of fiber color must be part of every fiber comparison. The fluorescence of fibers and their dyes is another useful point of comparison. Thermal properties relate to the softening and melting temperatures for manufactured fibers and the changes the fiber exhibits when heated . Based on a fiber’s polymer composition, it will react differently to various instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or pyrolysis-gas chromatography (PGC), and chemicals, such as acids or bases. These reactions yield information about the fiber’s molecular structure and composition.

FIGURE 1 Synthetic fibers are formed by extruding a fiber-forming substance, called spinning dope, through a hole or holes in a shower head-like device called a spinneret.