ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME, CONCESSION, REASON, PURPOSE, RESULT AND MANNER
المؤلف:
Angela Downing
المصدر:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR A UNIVERSITY COURSE
الجزء والصفحة:
P262-C7
2026-06-15
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ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME, CONCESSION, REASON, PURPOSE, RESULT AND MANNER
Certain circumstantial meanings, such as time, have several sub-types: for instance, ‘realis’ refers to an event that really occurs or occurred, whereas ‘irrealis’ refers to an event that hasn’t yet occurred and perhaps won’t occur. Most conjunctions of time can be used to introduce either meaning.
Note that, unlike some languages, English does not use a subjunctive nor a future perfect tense when referring to irrealis states or events. Instead, a normal present or past form, occasionally will or should + infinitive are used; for instance: ‘In order that no mistakes should be made, everyone was informed by letter’ (formal). Fasten the sunshade securely so that it won’t blow away.
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