Type 6: V + NG + -ing clause – I saw them waiting

Pattern I with verbs of perception and discovery such as see, hear, feel, smell, find, leave, catch, discover, come across, keep

The subject of the -ing clause is also the object of the superordinate clause. It can become subject in a passive clause.

They caught him stealing from the till.                He was caught stealing from the till.

She found the child sleeping peacefully.             The child was found sleeping peacefully.

Note that verbs of starting, stopping and continuing among others, when followed by either to-infinitive or -ing clauses, are analyzed not as lexical verbs followed by a complement, but as concatenated verbal groups that express aspectual meanings such as ingressive, egressive and continuative, as in He started smoking at the age of fifteen.

Pattern 2 with verbs of retrospection such as regret, remember and forget (but not recall, which takes only -ing) mark a difference of time reference in relation to the main verb. With a to-infinitive clause, the action expressed is seen as following the mental process of remembering or forgetting, whereas an -ing form marks the action as previous to the mental process:

Regret + to-infinitive is always followed by a verb of communication – say, tell, announce, inform – used with present time reference. Both the regretting and the telling occur at the moment of speaking, whereas regret + -ing has no such limitation (She regretted going out without an umbrella).

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

استعدادًا لانطلاق الفعاليات.. وصول المشاركات في مسابقة بصائر العلم الوطنية إلى مجمع الشيخ الكليني

قسم الشؤون الدينية يستذكر فضائل يوم دحو الأرض عبر محاضراته اليومية

عبر منافذ العتبة العباسية المقدسة.. ممثّلية مواكب محافظتي ديالى وذي قار تشارك بحملة التبرّع للشعبين الإيراني واللبناني

لتوسيعِ آفاقِ الإفادةِ من محتواها.. مركز الشيخ الأنصاري يحدّث الموقع الإلكترونيّ لمجلّة الخزانة

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

خبير يكشف 5 حقائق طبية صادمة وغير معروفة

ليس الأسود ولا الحيتان.. "كائن صغير" هو أخطر قاتل للبشر!

بارقة أمل لمرضى "الإيدز".. علاج خلوي ينجح في كبح الفيروس

ظاهرة مقلقة تتوسع.. "المستنشقات" خطر صامت يهدد المراهقين

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

اكتشاف مادة في الثوم تحسن قوة العضلات وتبطئ شيخوختها

تطور الحياة على الأرض المبكرة اعتمد على معدن نادر

باحثون صينيون يطوّرون بطارية مائية قد تعمل 300 عام

الذكاء الاصطناعي..هل يصبح متهما جنائيا في الجرائم والانتحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

SPEECH ACTS AND CLAUSE TYPES THE BASIC CORRESPONDENCES

COMPLEMENTATION BY NON-FINITE CLAUSES SUMMARY

PAST PARTICIPIAL CLAUSES

Potential and factual meanings contrasted: to-infinitive and -ing clauses

Type 5 b: V + NG + -ing – We deplore his/him risking his life in this way

Type 5a: V + -ing clause – I like listening to music

MEANINGS EXPRESSED BY - ING CLAUSES

MEANINGS EXPRESSED BY BARE INFINITIVE CLAUSES

Type 2: V + NG + to-infinitive clause with subject – He wants us to go

MEANINGS EXPRESSED BY TO-INFINITIVE CLAUSES

COMPLEMENTATION BY NON-FINITE CLAUSES CATENATIVE COMPLEMENTS A

COMPLEMENTATION BY FINITE CLAUSES SUMMARY