Examples of Centrifugal Force
المؤلف:
GEORGE A. HOADLEY
المصدر:
ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICS
الجزء والصفحة:
P-64
2025-11-03
49
There are many examples of the so-called centrifugal force. In every case in which the force that holds the body to the center is overcome, the body flies off in a direction tangent to the curve. The flying of mud from a carriage wheel, the bursting of a grindstone, the separation of the milk from the cream in a dairy separator, the extraction of honey from the comb in a rotating extractor, the action of the water in a centrifugal drying machine, are all results of this force. It is on account of this tendency that a race course is banked to make the outside of the track the highest, and that on a curve of a railroad track the outer rail is made higher than the inner rail.
FIG.1. Centrifugal Extractor
In the governor of a steam engine two weighted arms hinged to a vertical shaft fly apart when revolving at high speed and fall together at low speed. These motions control the admission of steam and hence the speed of the engine. The centrifugal drying machine or extractor (Fig. 1) used in laundries consists of an inner copper basket that can be rotated on a vertical axis at high speed.
This basket (Fig. 2) is pierced with rows of holes along its circumference through which the water from the clothes is driven by centrifugal force.
FIG. 2.- Extractor Basket
Demonstration. - Attach to a rotating machine a flattened glass globe, suspending it as in Fig. 3. Pour into the globe some mercury and colored water. Put the machine in motion, and the mercury will form a ring around the globe at its greatest diameter, as at A, while the water will form a second ring inside, between B and B'.
FIG. 3
Replace the globe by the objects that are shown in Fig. 4. A is a wooden disk suspended from the edge; B, a wooden cone suspended from the apex; C, a loop of small chain; and D, a rod suspended from one end. On rotating the support, they will all tend to rotate on their short axes.
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