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Acidic and neutral solvents

المؤلف:  Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong

المصدر:  Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry ,5th E

الجزء والصفحة:  142

2025-08-28

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Acidic and neutral solvents

Key points: Hydrogen bond formation is an example of Lewis complex formation; other solvents may also show Lewis acid character. Hydrogen bonding (Section 10.6) can be regarded as an example of complex formation. The ‘reaction’ is between A–H (the Lewis acid) and: B (the Lewis base) and gives the com plex conventionally denoted A–H ... B. Hence, many solutes that form hydrogen bonds with a solvent can be regarded as dissolving because of complex formation. A consequence of this view is that an acidic solvent molecule is displaced when proton transfer occurs:

Liquid sulfur dioxide is a good soft acidic solvent for dissolving the soft base benzene. Unsaturated hydrocarbons may act as acids or bases by using their π or π* orbitals as frontier orbitals. Alkanes with electronegative substituents, such as haloalkanes (for example, CHCl₃), are significantly acidic at the hydrogen atom. Saturated fluorocarbon solvents lack Lewis acid and base properties