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Liquid ammonia

المؤلف:  Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong

المصدر:  Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry ,5th E

الجزء والصفحة:  ص129-130

2025-08-24

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Liquid ammonia

Key points: Liquid ammonia is a useful nonaqueous solvent. Many reactions in liquid ammonia are analogous to those in water. Liquid ammonia is widely used as a nonaqueous solvent. It boils at –33°C at 1 atm and, despite a somewhat lower relative permittivity (ε_r=22) than that of water, it is a good solvent for inorganic compounds such as ammonium salts, nitrates, cyanides, and thiocya nides, and organic compounds such as amines, alcohols, and esters. It closely resembles the aqueous system as can be seen from the autoionization

Solutes that increase the concentration of NH₄ , the solvated proton, are acids. Solutes that decrease the concentration of NH₄ or increase the concentration of NH₂ are defined as bases. Thus, ammonium salts are acids in liquid ammonia and amines are bases. Liquid ammonia is a more basic solvent than water and enhances the acidity of many compounds that are weak acids in water. For example, acetic acid is almost completely ionized in liquid ammonia: