Edge computing addresses vital infrastructure challenges -- such as bandwidth limitations, excess latency and network congestion -- but there are several potential additional benefits to edge computing that can make the approach appealing in other situations.
Autonomy. Edge computing is useful where connectivity is unreliable or bandwidth is restricted because of the site's environmental characteristics. Examples include oil rigs, ships at sea, remote farms or other remote locations, such as a rainforest or desert. Edge computing does the compute work on site -- sometimes on the edge device itself -- such as water quality sensors on water purifiers in remote villages, and can save data to transmit to a central point only when connectivity is available. By processing data locally, the amount of data to be sent can be vastly reduced, requiring far less bandwidth or connectivity time than might otherwise be necessary.
Data sovereignty. Moving huge amounts of data isn't just a technical problem. Data's journey across national and regional boundaries can pose additional problems for data security, privacy and other legal issues. Edge computing can be used to keep data close to its source and within the bounds of prevailing data sovereignty laws, such as the European Union's GDPR, which defines how data should be stored, processed and exposed. This can allow raw data to be processed locally, obscuring or securing any sensitive data before sending anything to the cloud or primary data center, which can be in other jurisdictions.
Edge security. Finally, edge computing offers an additional opportunity to implement and ensure data security. Although cloud providers have IoT services and specialize in complex analysis, enterprises remain concerned about the safety and security of data once it leaves the edge and travels back to the cloud or data center. By implementing computing at the edge, any data traversing the network back to the cloud or data center can be secured through encryption, and the edge deployment itself can be hardened against hackers and other malicious activities -- even when security on IoT devices remains limited.
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