الوضع الليلي
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Social Interaction
4:25:25 2023-10-07 2178

Infants’ and young children’s social engagement with other people is a fundamental process shaping a child’s normal and abnormal development. Social interaction sculpts the child’s brain as it shapes the child’s sense of his- or herself in relation to the world of people and things in the world, their states of consciousness. Social interaction is a mutually regulated process in which infants, children, and adults on a second-by-second basis communicate and respond to relational intentions, needs, and meanings of the other. The mutual regulatory process is not smooth but is characterized by a matching and mismatching of intentions and meanings. The messiness of mutual regulation is resolved by a reparatory process in which mismatches are transformed into matches. Experimental evidence from the still-face paradigm demonstrates infants’ ability to regulate their own and their partner’s behavior and the interaction and evidence from maternal depression demonstrates how a failure of reparation compromises development. Research from other cultures demonstrates that there is no universal prototypical form of social interactions. Successful reparation leads to normal development and growth and expansion of the complexity of the infant’s state of consciousness. It also leads to the development of resilience. Reparatory failure derails development, limits complexity, and leads to psychopathology.

 

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