المرجع الالكتروني للمعلوماتية
المرجع الألكتروني للمعلوماتية
آخر المواضيع المضافة
الفارق بين المشهورات والأوليات الرد على ما ذهبت اليه الاشاعرة في مسالة التحسين والتقبيح العقليين المتطفلات Parasites (مصطلحات مهمة بشأن امراض النبات) معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْهُمْ معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَإٍ مَسْنُونٍ معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَقَدْ هَمَّتْ بِهِ وَهَمَّ بِهَا لَوْ لا أَنْ رَأى بُرْهانَ رَبِّهِ من خطبة لأمير المؤمنين "ع" تسمى القاصعة من خطبة لأمير المؤمنين "ع" يحمد اللّه ويثني على نبيه ويوصي بالزهد والتقوى معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ من خطبة لأمير المؤمنين "ع" يحمد اللّه ويثني على نبيه ويعظ بالتقوى معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ معنى قوله تعالى : وَلَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا مصدر الإصابة Cause of infections (مصطلحات مهمة بشأن امراض النبات) مقاييس تقييم الأداء في بيئة الأعمال المعاصرة العلامات المرضية Disease Sings (مصطلحات مهمة بشأن امراض النبات)

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Constructions  
  
1276   05:15 مساءً   date: 28-1-2022
Author : Jim Miller
Book or Source : An Introduction to English Syntax
Page and Part : 23-3


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Date: 28-1-2022 1193
Date: 2023-10-14 728
Date: 19-1-2023 1050

Constructions

Introduction

We have looked at heads and modifiers and at the organization of smaller units into bigger units, words into phrases and phrases into bigger phrases. We now move on to look at constructions, the relatively general patterns that recur in a given language. Since words, phrases, clauses and sentences are all built out of smaller units according to particular patterns, the concept of construction is relevant to all areas of grammar. For instance, many, though clearly not all, words are built out of smaller bits; field consists of one stem. Fielded, as in fielded the ball, and fielder, as in cricket, are built from the stem plus a suffix, field + -ed and field + -er. Further patterns consist of more than one suffix, as in educational, built out of educate + -ion + -al, or a prefix and a stem, as in overlook.

Phrases, as we saw on constituent structure, are given a special interpretation in linguistics and may consist of just one word; she and John are noun phrases. Many phrases consist of more than one word; for example our new colleague’s car, the car of our new colleague and a car of our new colleague’s. These three constructions are not equivalent in meaning; for instance, the last one is used only in situations in which the new colleague referred to has more than one car. A different choice of words brings out differences in meaning; the book of the month is the normal phrase while the month’s book is unacceptable; the idea of leaving (is ridiculous) is acceptable while Leaving’s idea is ridiculous is bizarre unless Leaving is somebody’s name.