The use of Copper dates back far into history. Copper beads have been found in what is now modern Iraq, dating back to 9000 BC. The metal is relatively easy to mine and refine, contributing to its early and widespread use. Being soft, however, it is unsuitable for making reliable tools and weapons. Early metalsmiths as far back as 3000 BC learned to combine copper with other metals to produce more durable alloys. Brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin) are two examples. The symbol and name for copper are from the Latin cuprum, which literally means "from the island of Cyprus", an early source of copper ore.

Before 1982 U.S. pennies were pure copper. Now they are mostly zinc with a thin shell of copper. Most copper that is mined today is refined and drawn into wire for use in the electrical industries. A significant portion is also used in manufacturing water pipe. Copper, of course, has a characteristic color which most people recognize. It is one of the best electrical conductors and resists corrosion from most acids (except nitric and hot concentrated sulfuric). When exposed to the elements for a period of time it develops a greenish coating or patina which is copper(II) carbonate, a protective coating that prevents further wear.