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Sulfonation Reactions

المؤلف:  A. Ravve

المصدر:  Principles of Polymer Chemistry

الجزء والصفحة:  P603

2026-02-23

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Sulfonation Reactions

Sulfonation reactions of polystyrene and its copolymers with divinyl benzene are carried out commercially to prepare ion exchange resins. Partial sulfonations of polystyrenes are achieved in the presence of ethers. When more than 50% of the aromatic rings are sulfonated, the polymers become water-soluble. At lesser amounts of sulfonation, 25–50%, the polymers are solvent-soluble [212, 213]. When polystyrene is sulfonated in chlorinated hydrocarbons with a complex of dioxane-SO₃, the polymer precipitates from solution at low concentrations [214, 215]. Complexes of ketones with SO₃ can also be used to sulfonate polystyrene in halogenated solvents [216]. The ratio of sulfonation is more favorable for poly (vinyl toluene) than it is for polystyrene at the same conditions [217]. Also, sulfur dioxide swells polystyrene. The polymer can be sulfonated in this medium with sulfur trioxide or with chlorosulfonic acid [218]. Polystyrene, sulfonated in CS₂ with aluminum chloride catalyst, is water-insoluble in a free acid form [219].