Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Assessment
STORY GRAMMAR
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P289
2025-10-16
34
STORY GRAMMAR
An attempt to represent the structure of a narrative text in terms of a set of rules. It was suggested that the surface forms of the simpler types of story derive from a single underlying deeper structure and that this structure plays an important part in the way we process such stories. A set of rewrite rules were proposed following the principles of early Transformational Grammar:
1- STORYà SETTING + THEME + PLOT + RESOLUTION
2- SETTING à CHARACTERS þ LOCATION þ TIME
3- THEMEàGOAL
4- PLOT àEPISODE(S)
5- EPISODE à SUBGOAL + ATTEMPTS + OUTCOME
6- ATTEMPT àEVENT(S)
7- RESOLUTION à EVENT or STATE
The theory is based on the type of folk tale that is handed down orally; such stories are said to be memorable because of the way they are structured. There is a high degree of internal organisation; and a theme is established for the story quite close to the beginning. These two factors enable the reader or listener to slot information into a recognisable framework. However, even when a thematic sentence is presented late in the text, performance is better than when no theme is specified. This suggests that, at quite a late stage, readers remain able to restructure the information they hold.
The story grammar approach does not account adequately for more sophisticated fiction. However, it receives support from the kind of broad outline which readers give when asked to recall a story and from evidence that readers spend more time reading sentences which are high in the structure of a story and thus potentially thematic.
See also: Reading: higher-level processing
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

الآخبار الصحية
