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Monophthongs and diphthongs DRESS and TRAP (BACK)
المؤلف:
Jan Tent and France Mugler
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
758-42
2024-05-02
57
Similarly, there is no phonemic distinction between the DRESS and TRAP vowels. However, the DRESS vowel is a slightly lowered and short [e], whilst the TRAP vowel tends to be a slightly raised and short [ε], e.g. that > [ðεt], Lami > [lεmi], Nadi > [nεndi], land > [lεn]. Nevertheless, it is difficult to phonetically distinguish between the DRESS and TRAP vowels in many speakers.
The realization of TRAP as [ε] gives rise to the following common spelling pronunciations:
(3) a. Eight people [...] peddled to safety when a boat they were in ran aground [...] (Fiji Times, 26/2/1987)
b. We have no injury worries and the players have slowly recovered from jet-leg. (Daily Post, 29/3/1996)
c. Residents affected by water cuts in a densely-populated area tempered with water mains. (Fiji Times, 20/1/2003)
d. Top scorer for the Veimataqali Imperial was Elex Konrote. (Fiji Times, 20/1/2003)
The lack of phonemic distinction between these two vowels is further highlighted by the following example:
(4) Vidiri steps on the paddle and just keeps going, no slowing down. (Daily Post, 10/6/1998)
وعي الاستذكار وضرورة الاعتبار
وعي الاستذكار وضرورة الاعتبار
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