Sodium to Argon

We get the expected large drop in binding energy as we go from neon to sodium and start filling the E₃ patterns. The E₃ ,  = 0 patterns are full at magnesium and we get a small drop in binding energy as the non zero angular momentum patterns E₃ ,  = 1 start to fill at aluminum.
Again the angular momentum keeps the electrons away from the nucleus and increases the screening. As the E₃ ,  = 1 patterns fill up, they are building a structure on the ever shrinking neon core. The charge on the neon core increases from (3e) at aluminum to (8e) at argon, again causing a gradual buildup of the electron binding energy from 5.98 eV to 15.76 eV. There is even the slight glitch going from phosphorous to sulfur that mirrors the glitch from nitrogen to oxygen.

مواضيع ذات صلة

Linear systems

Confined waves, with natural frequencies

The reflection of waves

Einstein’s laws of radiation

The Boltzmann law

Energy levels

The size of an atom

Bremsstrahlung

Synchrotron radiation

Radiation damping

The rate of radiation of energy

Radiation resistance