7:16:22 
2023-12-31 
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In a new book called “How to Stay Healthy,” nutritionist Jenna Hope says that “evidence shows that the female immune system is stronger than the male immune system.”
Hope added, according to the British newspaper "Daily Mail", that the matter is due to hormones, as the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen, tend to support the immune system, while the male hormone testosterone can suppress immunity.
The role of estrogen in female immunity was highlighted by immunologists at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in 2016.
The scientists infected cells from the linings of men's and women's noses with the common influenza virus (seasonal influenza A).
The results showed that estrogen led to a significant decrease in influenza virus levels, but the virus levels in men remained unchanged.
“From an evolutionary perspective, having a strong immune system enables a woman to better protect the fetus from infections that might pass on to the baby in the womb,” said Francisco Úbeda de Torres, a professor of mathematical biology who studies development and health at Royal Holloway University of London.
He added: "But this in itself may pose a risk to women, as all evidence indicates that this comes at a much higher cost than developing autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and psoriasis occur when the immune system overreacts." "It does this and attacks healthy tissue."
Research indicates that about 80 percent of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases are women.
Meanwhile, according to De Torres, men can "pay a heavy price due to their weaker immune responses, and this could go far beyond men's flu."
“Men produce a weaker response and are more susceptible to many cancers than women, because a weaker immune response means pathogens are able to infect men for longer, giving viruses or bacteria more time to manipulate the genes of the cells they infect,” he says.
He added: "This helps the infection spread through men's bodies, but it also increases the risk of cells multiplying rapidly and turning into cancer."
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